Mounjaro, a drug known for its weight loss and diabetes management benefits, is at the forefront of medical research in 2025. What is the latest research on Mounjaro?
This article explores recent studies, clinical trials, and findings in simple language. From long-term weight loss to new health benefits, we’ll cover the key updates shaping its future.
Understanding Mounjaro and Its Mechanism
Mounjaro, developed by Eli Lilly, contains tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist. It helps control blood sugar in Type 2 diabetes and promotes weight loss by reducing appetite and slowing digestion.
Approved for diabetes in 2022 and weight loss (as Zepbound) in 2023, it’s a leading GLP-1 drug. Research in 2025 focuses on its long-term effects and expanded uses.
The drug mimics two gut hormones, enhancing insulin production and signaling fullness to the brain.
This dual action sets it apart from single-GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic. Recent studies highlight its superior weight loss results and potential for other health conditions. Let’s dive into the latest findings.
Long-Term Weight Loss Success
A major focus of 2025 research is Mounjaro’s ability to sustain weight loss. The SURMOUNT-1 trial, extended to three years, showed adults with obesity or overweight lost 15–21% of body weight over 72 weeks. By 176 weeks, participants maintained an average 20.2% weight loss, compared to 2.1% for placebo.
Presented at the European Congress on Obesity in May 2025, these findings confirm Mounjaro’s long-term effectiveness.
Women and those without obesity-related conditions responded better to the drug. The study also noted three weight loss patterns: steady, medium, or rapid, followed by a plateau.
Mounjaro vs. Wegovy: Head-to-Head Results
The SURMOUNT-5 trial, published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2025, compared Mounjaro to Wegovy (semaglutide). Over three years, Mounjaro users lost 20.2% of body weight on average, compared to 13.7% for Wegovy. This head-to-head trial included 751 overweight or obese participants.
Mounjaro’s dual GLP-1/GIP mechanism outperformed Wegovy’s single GLP-1 action. Both drugs caused mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal side effects, mostly during dose escalation. Researchers noted Mounjaro may be ideal for those with significant weight to lose.
Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
What is the latest research on Mounjaro for diabetes prevention? The SURMOUNT-1 three-year study, reported in August 2024, found tirzepatide reduced the risk of progressing to Type 2 diabetes by 94% in adults with prediabetes and obesity or overweight. This is a groundbreaking finding for high-risk patients.
Participants on the 15 mg dose saw a 22.9% body weight reduction, compared to 2.1% for placebo. These results suggest Mounjaro could delay or prevent diabetes onset when combined with lifestyle changes. The study reinforces its role in comprehensive health management.
Benefits for Obstructive Sleep Disorders
Mounjaro’s benefits extend beyond weight loss and diabetes. In June 2024, the SURMOUNT-OSA trial showed tirzepatide improved obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity. After one year, 42% of participants had no or mild OSA symptoms, compared to 16% on placebo.
This led to FDA approval in 2024 for Zepbound to treat moderate-to-severe OSA. By reducing body weight, Mounjaro alleviates airway pressure during sleep, improving breathing. This expands its use to patients with weight-related sleep disorders.
Table: Key Mounjaro Trial Results (2025)
| Trial | Duration | Key Finding | Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|
| SURMOUNT-1 | 176 weeks | 20.2% avg. weight loss, 94% diabetes risk reduction | 2.1% weight loss (placebo) |
| SURMOUNT-5 | 3 years | 20.2% avg. weight loss | 13.7% weight loss (Wegovy) |
| SURMOUNT-OSA | 52 weeks | 42% with no/mild OSA symptoms | 16% with no/mild OSA (placebo) |
This table summarizes Mounjaro’s effectiveness across major 2025 trials. Its consistent outperformance highlights its potential as a leading therapy.
Mental Health and Mounjaro
Research in 2025 also explores Mounjaro’s mental health effects. A January 2024 study from Case Western Reserve University found GLP-1 drugs, including tirzepatide, reduced depression and suicidal ideation in over 1.5 million patients with diabetes or obesity. Tirzepatide users had a 64% lower risk of first-time suicidal thoughts.
These findings counter earlier concerns about GLP-1 drugs increasing suicide risk. While more research is needed, initial data suggests Mounjaro may improve emotional well-being. Patients with eating disorders should be screened before starting treatment, as noted in ongoing discussions.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
No drug is without risks, and Mounjaro is no exception. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, mostly during dose escalation. Recent studies confirm these are mild to moderate and subside over time. However, serious risks like gastroparesis (stomach paralysis) and pancreatitis have been reported.
A 2025 French study in Endocrine Connections linked GLP-1 drugs to a 58% higher thyroid cancer risk after 1–3 years of use. This finding, specific to tirzepatide, calls for further investigation. Patients should discuss risks with their doctors, especially those with thyroid conditions.
Real-World Evidence and Global Impact
What is the latest research on Mounjaro in real-world settings? The SURMOUNT-REAL UK study, launched in October 2024, is a five-year partnership between Eli Lilly, the University of Manchester, and Health Innovation Manchester. It aims to assess Mounjaro’s long-term health outcomes in Greater Manchester’s obese population.
In India, Mounjaro’s rollout in 2025 has been “positive,” with over 81,570 units sold by May, totaling $2.76 million. Sales rose 60% from April to May, reflecting high demand in a country with rising obesity rates. This real-world data supports Mounjaro’s global potential.
Mounjaro Lawsuits and Safety Concerns
The latest research on Mounjaro includes safety scrutiny due to lawsuits. As of June 2025, 1,521 lawsuits are pending in the federal MDL #3094 against Eli Lilly, citing severe side effects like gastroparesis and pancreatitis. A tragic case involved a Scottish nurse who died after two doses, highlighting rare but fatal risks.
The FDA has also warned about compounded tirzepatide, reporting 136 adverse events by October 2024. These unapproved versions lack safety testing, increasing risks like dosing errors. Patients are urged to use FDA-approved Mounjaro from licensed pharmacies.
Mounjaro’s Role in Lifestyle Changes
Research emphasizes that Mounjaro works best with lifestyle changes. Studies like SURMOUNT-1 and SURMOUNT-5 combined tirzepatide with reduced-calorie diets and exercise. A 2025 blog from the University of Maryland noted seven factors boosting Mounjaro’s success, including hydration, balanced nutrition, and regular physical activity.
Patients who maintain healthy habits see better weight loss and sustained results. Exercise, including cardio and strength training, enhances Mounjaro’s effects. Mental resilience and stress management also play a role in preventing emotional eating.
Public and Industry Sentiment
Public interest in Mounjaro is high, especially on platforms like X. Posts praise its 8% weight loss by week 12 and dual mechanism, though some highlight side effect concerns. Media outlets like The Guardian and BBC have covered its NHS rollout and trial results, dubbing it the “King Kong” of weight loss drugs.
The pharmaceutical industry sees Mounjaro as a market leader. Eli Lilly’s Q4 2024 revenue grew 45% to $13.53 billion, driven by Mounjaro and Zepbound sales. Despite lawsuits, its clinical success and global demand keep it in the spotlight.
Future Research Directions
What is the latest research on Mounjaro’s future? Studies are exploring its use in cardiovascular disease prevention and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s. Early data suggests GLP-1 drugs may have neuroprotective effects, opening new treatment avenues.
The SURMOUNT-REAL UK study will provide real-world insights by 2029, informing national obesity strategies. Researchers are also investigating Mounjaro’s safety profile, particularly thyroid cancer risks. These efforts aim to refine its use and maximize benefits.
Summary
What is the latest research on Mounjaro? In 2025, studies confirm its long-term weight loss success, with 20.2% average reduction over three years in the SURMOUNT-1 trial.
It outperforms Wegovy in SURMOUNT-5, reduces diabetes risk by 94%, and improves sleep apnea. Mental health benefits are emerging, but risks like gastroparesis and thyroid cancer require caution.
Real-world studies and global demand highlight its impact, though lawsuits and compounded drug concerns persist. Combined with lifestyle changes, Mounjaro remains a powerful tool for weight loss and health.
FAQ
How effective is Mounjaro for weight loss?
The SURMOUNT-1 trial showed 20.2% average weight loss over three years, with some losing up to 22.9%. Results vary by dose and lifestyle. Women and those without comorbidities respond better.
Does Mounjaro prevent Type 2 diabetes?
Yes, the SURMOUNT-1 study found a 94% reduced risk of progressing to Type 2 diabetes in prediabetic adults with obesity. It’s most effective with diet and exercise.
What are Mounjaro’s side effects?
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, mostly mild. Serious risks like gastroparesis, pancreatitis, and potential thyroid cancer require monitoring.
Is Mounjaro better than Wegovy?
The SURMOUNT-5 trial showed Mounjaro led to 20.2% weight loss vs. 13.7% for Wegovy over three years. Its dual mechanism offers greater efficacy.
Can Mounjaro improve mental health?
A 2024 study found tirzepatide users had a 64% lower risk of first-time suicidal thoughts. More research is needed, but early data suggests benefits.